Over the centuries India has been ruled by men and women who as great conquerors and able administrators have shaped the history of this land. This Pancharatna features five such rulers. Chandragupta Maurya defeated his rivals to found the Mauryan dynasty which reached unprecedented power under his grandson Ashoka who later saw the futility of war and renounced violence. Samudragupta of the Gupta dynasty was a military genius. Harsha ascended the throne at age 16. His story has been taken from the Harshacharita and from the accounts of the Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang. Krishnadeva Raya of the Vijayanagara dynasty was described by the Portuguese traveller Domingo Paes as the perfect king--P. [4] of cover.